Underground Biohacking

Thymosin Alpha-1 dosing calculator

CompoundThymosin Alpha-1
mg
mL

1 mg = 1000 mcg.

Your syringe
Draw this much
0.0units

0.200 mL · 5,000 mcg/mL

5101520253010203020.0
0 units0.3 mL barrel, U-100 scale30 units
Doses per vial
10
Per unit
50 mcg
One vial lasts
10 days
Reference only · Not medical advice

Your draw

Vial10 mg
Water2 mL
Concentration5,000 mcg/mL
Dose1000 mcg
Draw20 units
Syringe0.3 mL, U-100

www.undergroundbiohacking.com · For tracking and calculation purposes only. Not medical advice.

For tracking and calculation purposes only. Not medical advice. Based on a standard U-100 insulin syringe.

How the units are worked out

Your vial holds a fixed amount of peptide. The water you add sets the concentration (how much peptide sits in each millilitre). The concentration then decides how much liquid carries your dose.

Three steps, in order:

  1. Concentration (mcg/mL) = peptide in the vial (mcg) divided by water added (mL).
  2. Volume (mL) = your dose (mcg) divided by the concentration (mcg/mL).
  3. Units to draw = volume (mL) multiplied by 100.

That last step is the syringe, not the peptide. A U-100 insulin syringe is marked so 100 units hold 1 mL, so 0.1 mL reads as 10 units.

A worked example

These are the numbers in the calculator above, worked through: 10 mg + 2 mL = 5,000 mcg/mL. 1000 mcg = 0.20 mL = 20 units on a 0.3 mL syringe.

Change any number in the tool and this line changes with it. The link in your address bar carries the numbers, so you can save it or send it to yourself.

Water and units at a glance

The same dose of Thymosin Alpha-1 at different mixes. Every row opens the calculator on that mix.

VialWaterConcentrationUnits to draw
10 mg1 mL10,000 mcg/mL10 units
10 mg2 mL5,000 mcg/mL20 units
10 mg3 mL3,333 mcg/mL30 units
10 mg5 mL2,000 mcg/mL50 units

Pre-filled numbers are the most-used setups reported by users of public calculators (WPA dosing data, Aug 2026). Not a recommendation.

Mixing and storage

Run the water down the inside wall of the vial and let the powder dissolve on its own. Never shake it. Label the vial with the compound, the total mass, the water you added, the concentration and the date. A sealed freeze-dried vial keeps 12 to 24 months in the fridge at 2 to 8°C. Once mixed with preserved water, such as bacteriostatic water, that drops to roughly 28 days refrigerated. Keep it at the back of the fridge, away from light and away from the door's temperature swings.

Other compounds

Questions

Does thymosin alpha-1 actually work?
It depends entirely on the condition. In chronic hepatitis B it is an approved medicine in many countries, and the trials back that. In sepsis the story is messier. An early trial in 361 patients found fewer deaths. A much larger placebo controlled trial in 1,106 patients, published in the BMJ in 2025, found no difference. So it does something in some conditions and nothing in others. No trial has tested it in healthy people.
Is it approved as a medicine anywhere?
Yes. The synthetic form is called thymalfasin. It is an approved prescription medicine in more than 30 countries outside the United States. Most of those approvals cover chronic hepatitis B, and some cover improving vaccine response in people with weakened immune systems. It is not approved by the FDA in the United States. Approval abroad means a regulator reviewed real trial data. It does not mean the peptide works for everything sold under its name.
Can I get it legally in the United States?
There is no FDA approved thymosin alpha-1 product in the United States. FDA has also placed it in category 2 of its bulk drug substances review. That is the group flagged for possible significant safety risks in compounding, and FDA says its safety information is not adequate. Compounding it is not a route the agency has cleared. Anything sold outside a prescription is unregulated, and what is actually in the vial is unverified.
Will it boost my immune system if I am healthy?
Nobody knows, because nobody has tested it. Every trial on this page studied sick people: hepatitis B, sepsis, cancer, COVID-19. Those immune systems were damaged, suppressed or overwhelmed. Thymosin alpha-1 is a modulator, which means it pushes an unbalanced response back toward normal. There is no evidence that pushing an already normal immune system does anything useful. Treat healthy immune boosting claims as untested marketing.
What did the COVID-19 research actually show?
Mixed results, pulling in both directions. A 2023 pooling of eight studies found lower death rates in moderate to critical COVID-19 patients. The same analysis found no difference in ventilation needs or hospital stay. Pulling the other way, a study across five hospitals in Hubei found worse recovery in patients given it, especially the sickest. That study was not randomised, so those patients may have been sicker to begin with. The question is not settled.
What should I ask a doctor about it?
Ask what condition you would be treating, and whether a trial exists in that exact condition. Ask about liver blood tests, since mild enzyme swings turned up in hepatitis B trials. Ask where the product would come from, since there is no FDA approved version in the United States. Ask what happens if nothing changes. And ask whether an approved treatment for your condition already exists, because one usually does.

References

  1. 01Wu J, et al. (2013). The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis (ETASS): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized and controlled trial. Critical Care. PMID: 23327199. DOI: 10.1186/cc11932.
  2. 02Gu B, et al. (2025). Efficacy of thymosin α1 for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. PMID: 40969554. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1673959.
  3. 03Yang YF, et al. (2007). Comparison of the efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 and interferon alpha in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis. Antiviral Research. PMID: 18078676. DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.10.014.
  4. 04Peng D, et al. (2020). The clinical efficacy and adverse effects of Entecavir plus Thymosin alpha-1 combination therapy versus Entecavir Monotherapy in HBV-related cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterology. PMID: 33076834. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01477-8.
  5. 05Soeroto AY, et al. (2023). The efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 therapy in moderate to critical COVID-19 patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Inflammopharmacology. PMID: 37845598. DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01354-2.
  6. 06Carraro G, et al. (2011). Thymosin-alpha 1 (Zadaxin) enhances the immunogenicity of an adjuvated pandemic H1N1v influenza vaccine (Focetria) in hemodialyzed patients: a pilot study. Vaccine. PMID: 22178096. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.014.
  7. 07Guo CL, et al. (2021). Impact of thymosin α1 as an immunomodulatory therapy on long-term survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients after R0 resection: a propensity score-matched analysis. Chinese Medical Journal. PMID: 34732663. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001819.
  8. 08Iino S, et al. (2005). The efficacy and safety of thymosin alpha-1 in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B; results from a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. PMID: 15850471. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2005.00633.x.
  9. 09Wu J, et al. (2025). The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial. BMJ. PMID: 39814420. DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2024-082583.
  10. 10Liu J, et al. (2021). Efficacy of Thymosin Alpha 1 in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study. Frontiers in Immunology. PMID: 34408744. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.673693.
Chris Hallewell, founder of Underground Biohacking

By , Founder, Underground Biohacking

Last reviewed

The numbers here describe your own vial. They are not medical advice and not a dose suggestion. Confirm your protocol with a qualified clinician.

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