Underground Biohacking

MOTS-c dosing calculator

CompoundMOTS-c
mg
mL

1 mg = 1000 mcg.

Your syringe
Draw this much

Enter a vial size, water volume and dose to see where to pull.

51015202530102030
0 units0.3 mL barrel, U-100 scale30 units

For tracking and calculation purposes only. Not medical advice. Based on a standard U-100 insulin syringe.

This calculator has no pre-filled dose for MOTS-c. We pre-fill a dose only from an approved label or a human trial arm that fits this tool, and none does.

How the units are worked out

Your vial holds a fixed amount of peptide. The water you add sets the concentration (how much peptide sits in each millilitre). The concentration then decides how much liquid carries your dose.

Three steps, in order:

  1. Concentration (mcg/mL) = peptide in the vial (mcg) divided by water added (mL).
  2. Volume (mL) = your dose (mcg) divided by the concentration (mcg/mL).
  3. Units to draw = volume (mL) multiplied by 100.

That last step is the syringe, not the peptide. A U-100 insulin syringe is marked so 100 units hold 1 mL, so 0.1 mL reads as 10 units.

A worked example

Enter your dose in the calculator above and this line shows the numbers worked through.

Water and units at a glance

MOTS-c at different mixes. Every row opens the calculator on that mix.

VialWaterConcentration
40 mg1 mL40,000 mcg/mL
40 mg2 mL20,000 mcg/mL
40 mg3 mL13,333 mcg/mL
40 mg5 mL8,000 mcg/mL
10 mg1 mL10,000 mcg/mL
10 mg2 mL5,000 mcg/mL
10 mg3 mL3,333 mcg/mL
10 mg5 mL2,000 mcg/mL

Units appear once you enter a dose.

The pre-filled vial size is the most-used size in WPA dosing data (Aug 2026), or our vendors' most common size where WPA data is thin. The water is the most-used amount in WPA data. There is no pre-filled dose. Not a recommendation.

Mixing and storage

Run the water down the inside wall of the vial and let the powder dissolve on its own. Never shake it. Label the vial with the compound, the total mass, the water you added, the concentration and the date. A sealed freeze-dried vial keeps 12 to 24 months in the fridge at 2 to 8°C. Once mixed with preserved water, such as bacteriostatic water, that drops to roughly 28 days refrigerated. Keep it at the back of the fridge, away from light and away from the door's temperature swings.

Other compounds

Questions

How much MOTS-c should you take per day?
There is no clinically established dose. FDA's July 2026 briefing found no clinical studies or human exposure data for MOTS-c by any route.
How long is a MOTS-c cycle?
The common research-use pattern is 8 to 12 weeks on, then 4 to 8 weeks off. No study has tested that schedule.
Is MOTS-c FDA approved?
No. The FDA has not approved MOTS-c for any use. On its own compounding pages the FDA states it has found no human exposure data for MOTS-c by any route of administration.
Does MOTS-c work if you already exercise?
Nobody knows. Exercise raises the MOTS-c your body makes on its own. In mice, injected MOTS-c raised exercise capacity without any training. Reviewers describe exercise and injected MOTS-c as sharing some pathways and differing on others. The combination has never been tested in people.
What are the side effects of MOTS-c?
There is no human side-effect record, because no trial has reported one. FDA's July 2026 briefing found no clinical studies or human exposure data for MOTS-c by any route. In animals the clearest measured effect is lower blood sugar.
Does MOTS-c help you lose weight?
In mice it did. MOTS-c stopped a high-fat diet causing obesity, and it switched on heat-producing brown fat. No human weight result has been published.

References

  1. 01Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al. (2015). The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism. PMID: 25738459. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009.
  2. 02Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodhead JST, et al. (2021). MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nature Communications. PMID: 33473109. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20790-0.
  3. 03Kim KH, Son JM, Benayoun BA, Lee C. (2018). The mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus to regulate nuclear gene expression in response to metabolic stress. Cell Metabolism. PMID: 29983246. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.008.
  4. 04Zempo H, Kim SJ, Fuku N, et al. (2021). A pro-diabetogenic mtDNA polymorphism in the mitochondrial-derived peptide, MOTS-c. Aging. PMID: 33468709. DOI: 10.18632/aging.202529.
  5. 05Lu H, Tang S, Xue C, et al. (2019). Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c increases adipose thermogenic activation to promote cold adaptation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. PMID: 31109005. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102456.
  6. 06Yin Y, Pan Y, He J, et al. (2021). The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c relieves hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus. Pharmacological Research. PMID: 34798268. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105987.
  7. 07Woodhead JST, Merry TL. (2021). Mitochondrial-derived peptides and exercise. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects. PMID: 34520826. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130011.
  8. 08Zheng Y, Wei Z, Wang T. (2023). MOTS-c: a promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation. Frontiers in Endocrinology. PMID: 36761202. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1120533.
  9. 09Mohtashami Z, Singh MK, Salimiaghdam N, et al. (2022). MOTS-c, the most recent mitochondrial derived peptide in human aging and age-related diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. PMID: 36233287. DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911991.
  10. 10Lee C, Kim KH, Cohen P. (2016). MOTS-c: a novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. PMID: 27216708. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.015.
Chris Hallewell, founder of Underground Biohacking

By , Founder, Underground Biohacking

Last reviewed

The numbers here describe your own vial. They are not medical advice and not a dose suggestion. Confirm your protocol with a qualified clinician.

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